نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم ، قم ، ایران.
2 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه پیام نور ایران ،تهران ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Higher education is one of the most important domains of public governance, playing a decisive role in the development of human capital, the production of knowledge and technology, the enhancement of economic competitiveness, and the achievement of sustainable development. Accordingly, the governance structure and funding system of higher education are regarded as fundamental determinants of the effectiveness and sustainability of university systems. This study aims to examine the relationship between governance structures and higher education funding systems through a comparative analysis of Germany, France, Türkiye, and Saudi Arabia.
The study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach based on documentary research, drawing upon academic literature, legal documents, policy reports, and other authoritative sources. The findings indicate that although the state remains the principal actor in higher education policymaking and financing in all four countries, their higher education systems have gradually moved beyond exclusive dependence on public funding toward more diversified funding models. This transition has been facilitated through tuition fees, private-sector participation, university–industry collaboration, research and innovation contracts, the provision of academic and professional services, philanthropic contributions, and tax incentives.
Despite their shared commitment to funding diversification, each country has adopted a distinct approach shaped by its governance structure, economic conditions, and national development priorities. Germany emphasizes institutional autonomy and close cooperation between universities and industry; France combines substantial public support with the growing role of non-state higher education institutions; Türkiye has developed a mixed public–private funding model; and Saudi Arabia has promoted greater financial autonomy for universities within the framework of its transition toward a knowledge-based economy.
The findings suggest a direct relationship between governance structures and higher education funding systems. Achieving the strategic objectives of higher education therefore requires an appropriate balance between government support, institutional autonomy, and the diversification of funding sources.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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