نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه تهران (دانشکدگان فارابی)، قم، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه تهران (دانشکدگان فارابی)، قم، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
University financing, from the perspective of public economic law, is not merely an economic or managerial issue; rather, it is closely associated with the allocation of powers and responsibilities among the state, universities, the market, and higher education stakeholders. Adopting a comparative approach, this study examines public, private, and mixed models of university financing in terms of their legal foundations and their implications for university autonomy, educational equity, and public accountability. It further analyzes the relationship between these financing models and command-and-control regulation, market-based regulation, and institutional self-regulation. The findings indicate that the public financing model, by relying on public resources, has a greater capacity to ensure educational equity, although it may expose the financial and institutional autonomy of universities to governmental intervention. By contrast, the private financing model enhances contractual freedom and diversification of financial resources, but may increase inequality and allow economic interests to influence the academic mission of universities. The mixed model, provided that it is accompanied by transparency, auditing, conflict-of-interest controls, and clearly defined limits of authority, has a greater capacity to balance these competing considerations. The study also demonstrates that no exclusive relationship exists between a particular financing model and a specific regulatory approach; rather, an appropriate combination of regulatory instruments is required. In the Iranian higher education system, the analysis supports a mixed financing model accompanied by multi-level regulation, whereby mandatory rules apply to public resources, market-based mechanisms govern private resources, and constrained institutional self-regulation applies to the financial administration of universities in accordance with the origin and legal nature of the relevant resources.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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